After the horrors of Hamas’s massacres of Israelis, the right of Israel to defend its people seems obvious. But, asks Alex Christoyannopoulos, does that entail a right to use violence? And, after decades of horrific, unresolved armed conflict, is there evidence that military violence is an effective form of defence for either side?
What if Ukrainians hadn’t fought back?
Ukraine has endured massive destruction, displacement and at least tens of thousands of deaths as its people have fought against Russia’s invasion over the last year. But, asks Alexandre Christoyannopoulos, were there other, nonviolent paths not taken and would such resistance have fared better than warfare?